Burkina Faso: Country Report | 2024

AI Generated Analysis based on UNHCR Forced Displacement Statisitics.

Author

Beware of data limitations and potential hallucinations! Thanks for reporting any issues here – View all Reports

Executive Summary

Key Trends: Burkina Faso Displacement Crisis 2024

A Deepening Catastrophe at the Heart of the Sahel

Burkina Faso is at the epicentre of a deepening humanitarian catastrophe, now affecting over 2.1 million people. The crisis is defined by a staggering surge in internal displacement, which has spiralled from just over 20,000 people in 2019 to more than 2 million today. This population, comprised predominantly of vulnerable women and children, faces a grim reality: for the sixth consecutive year, intensifying conflict has made it impossible for any internally displaced persons to return home, entrenching displacement on a massive scale and leaving millions in a state of prolonged uncertainty.

The escalating violence is now driving an unprecedented exodus across borders. In 2023, asylum claims lodged by Burkinabè nationals surged to a record high of nearly 11,700, underscoring that the crisis is no longer contained. While neighbouring countries bear the primary responsibility for hosting the displaced, our data reveals a shocking disparity in international protection. The likelihood of a Burkinabè asylum-seeker finding safety depends dramatically on the country in which they apply, with recognition rates varying from nearly zero to 100 per cent. This inconsistency represents a critical failure of the international protection regime, demanding urgent attention.

The path to durable solutions is narrowing alarmingly. After a brief peak in 2020, the number of solutions achieved for Burkinabè refugees has collapsed, falling to a record low in 2023. This steep decline is a direct consequence of the worsening security environment, which has rendered options like voluntary repatriation untenable. Without a concerted effort to restore peace and security, the prospects for millions of displaced Burkinabè to rebuild their lives will remain tragically out of reach, further destabilizing the entire Sahel region.

Population Overview

The humanitarian crisis in Burkina Faso continued to deepen, with the total number of people of concern to UNHCR reaching over 2.1 million. The data reveals an emergency overwhelmingly characterized by internal displacement, which has escalated at an alarming rate over the past five years. Since 2019, the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has surged exponentially, reaching over 2.06 million by early 2024. This single group now constitutes more than 98 per cent of the total population of concern, dwarfing all other categories, including the 36,155 refugees and asylum-seekers hosted in the country.

Behind these stark numbers lies a demographic profile of profound vulnerability. The displaced population is exceptionally youthful, with a pronounced majority of children and adolescents, indicating a high dependency ratio. Females comprise approximately 53 per cent of the total, underscoring the critical need for gender-sensitive programming, including maternal healthcare, education, and protection services tailored to the specific risks faced by women and girls.

While the crisis is predominantly internal, its regional dimensions are clear. The refugee population, though smaller in scale, is almost entirely composed of individuals fleeing instability in neighbouring Mali, with over 39,000 Malian refugees seeking safety in Burkina Faso.

Although the rate of new displacement appeared to slow between 2023 and 2024, the crisis has become entrenched at this critically high level. The persistent insecurity is starkly illustrated by the fact that for the sixth consecutive year, no returns of IDPs were recorded, signalling that for millions, durable solutions remain a distant prospect.

Demographics

AI Insight: A treemap of populations of concern in Burkina Faso, where Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) represent the vast majority of the 2.1 million total individuals., This treemap visualization details the composition of the 2,104,000 individuals classified as populations of concern in Burkina Faso as of 2024. The chart uses proportionally sized rectangles to represent each category, with the area of each rectangle corresponding to the size of the population group.

A statistical analysis shows a highly skewed distribution. The largest category by a significant margin is Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), which number 2,062,534. This group’s rectangle dominates the visual space, underscoring that internal displacement is the primary humanitarian challenge in the country.

The second-largest group, Refugees and asylum-seekers, is substantially smaller, totaling 36,155 individuals. Other categories are numerically minor in comparison, including Returned refugees at 546 people. Categories such as Returned IDPs are recorded with zero individuals and are therefore not visibly represented in the treemap. The visualization effectively highlights that over 98% of the population of concern in Burkina Faso are internally displaced.

AI Insight: Population pyramid of 9.7 million displaced and other persons of concern in Burkina Faso by age and gender, showing an expansive, youthful population structure with females comprising a slightly larger proportion than males., This population pyramid illustrates the age and gender distribution of the 9,693,964 individuals of concern (including refugees, asylum-seekers, and IDPs) in Burkina Faso for the year 2024, with 100% of the data disaggregated by gender.

Overall, the population has a slight female majority, with females constituting approximately 53% of the total and males 47%. The pyramid’s shape is expansive, characterized by a wide base and narrow top, which is typical of a young population with high birth rates and a lower proportion of older individuals. This structure indicates a high dependency ratio, with a large number of children relative to the working-age population.

Statistical analysis reveals a significant concentration in the younger age brackets. The largest single demographic group is females in the youngest age cohort, accounting for 25.1% of the total female population of concern. For males, the largest cohort represents 18.8% of their total. Conversely, the smallest proportions are in the oldest age groups, with the senior cohorts for females and males representing just 0.24% and 0.19% of their respective gender totals.

For UNHCR and its partners, this demographic profile highlights a critical need for services targeting children and youth, such as education, child protection, and primary healthcare. The prevalence of women and girls also underscores the importance of gender-sensitive programming, including maternal health services and measures to address specific protection risks.

Trends Over Time

AI Insight: Column chart of population types in Burkina Faso by year (2019-2024), where the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) has surged dramatically, vastly exceeding all other populations of concern., This column chart provides a yearly breakdown of different populations of concern in Burkina Faso from 2019 to 2024. The data is presented in thousands of people. The analysis reveals a humanitarian crisis dominated by internal displacement. The most striking trend is the exponential growth in the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), which escalates to over 2 million (2,062,534) by the end of the period. This single category completely overshadows all others.

In contrast, other population types remain relatively low and stable. Returned refugees number in the low thousands, with a maximum of 6,052 recorded in one year. Other categories such as asylum-seekers, stateless persons, and others of concern are present but numerically insignificant compared to the IDP population. Notably, the number of returned IDPs is consistently reported as zero throughout the entire 2019-2024 period, indicating persistent insecurity that prevents displaced individuals from returning to their homes. The extreme skew in the data, with a median value of just 14.5 individuals across all categories versus a maximum of over 2 million, statistically underscores the scale of the internal displacement crisis in Burkina Faso.

AI Insight: Bar chart of changes in population groups in Burkina Faso from 2023 to 2024, where the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) increased slightly while other groups saw varied increases and decreases., This bar chart provides a comparative analysis of UNHCR’s populations of concern in Burkina Faso, illustrating the absolute and percentage changes between 2023 and 2024 for six distinct population groups.

Context: Burkina Faso is experiencing a severe and prolonged humanitarian crisis, primarily driven by conflict, which has led to one of the fastest-growing displacement crises in the world. This visualization tracks the year-over-year dynamics of these vulnerable populations.

Statistical Analysis:

Overall Trend: The data indicates a net increase of approximately 2,526 individuals across all monitored population groups, rising from a total of 2,101,416 in 2023 to 2,103,942 in 2024. This highlights the ongoing and persistent nature of the displacement crisis.
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): This is by far the largest group, numbering 2,062,534 people. Between 2023 and 2024, this population saw a slight increase. The maximum absolute change recorded for any single group was an increase of 2,180 people, which corresponds to the IDP population. This change, while numerically the largest, represents a marginal increase of approximately 0.1% for this group, indicating a stabilization of displacement at critically high levels.
Other Population Groups: The chart shows mixed trends for the other five, smaller populations of concern (such as refugees, asylum-seekers, and returnees). Some groups experienced increases, with percentage changes reaching up to 4%, while others saw decreases in their recorded numbers. These more pronounced percentage shifts in smaller groups reflect the dynamic nature of population movements, including potential returns, new arrivals, or changes in status.

In summary, while the vast IDP population in Burkina Faso remained relatively stable in size, the overall situation for persons of concern continued to evolve, with a slight net increase indicating that the humanitarian needs remain immense and the crisis is far from resolved.

AI Insight: Horizontal bar chart of refugees in Burkina Faso by top 9 countries of origin, where Mali is overwhelmingly the largest source with 39,265 refugees, while all other origins account for significantly smaller populations., This visualization presents the number of refugees in Burkina Faso as of 2024, disaggregated by their top nine countries of origin. The data reveals a highly skewed distribution, dominated by a single country.

Mali is the country of origin for the vast majority of refugees, totaling 39,265 individuals. This figure represents the maximum value in the dataset and highlights the significant impact of the regional Sahel crisis on displacement into Burkina Faso.

In stark contrast, the other listed countries of origin contribute substantially smaller numbers of refugees. The statistical profile shows that 75% of the origin countries account for 109 or fewer refugees each, with a median value of just 33 refugees. The smallest refugee population from a top country of origin is 17. This extreme disparity between the Malian refugee population and others underscores the concentrated nature of the refugee situation in Burkina Faso, which is primarily a response to a single, large-scale crisis at its border.

Geography & Movements

Geography of Displacement: The Sahel Crisis at an Epicentre

The escalating instability in the central Sahel has driven one of the world’s most severe and rapidly growing displacement crises, with Burkina Faso at its epicentre. The data reveals a story of immense internal upheaval and intense, concentrated pressure on neighbouring countries.

The most dramatic trend is the staggering growth of internal displacement. The number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) within Burkina Faso has skyrocketed from just over 20,000 in 2019 to more than 2 million. This exponential rise underscores a crisis that is, first and foremost, internal, fuelled by unrelenting conflict that has forced millions from their homes in search of safety within their own borders.

Behind these stark numbers of internal flight, a significant cross-border movement is also evident. The geographical distribution of refugees and asylum-seekers from Burkina Faso is highly concentrated, characteristic of crises where the nearest border offers the only viable escape. The data shows that while people have sought refuge in dozens of countries, the vast majority are hosted in just a few neighbouring states. This pattern places a disproportionate responsibility on these host nations, which often face their own significant humanitarian and development challenges.

This displacement is not unidirectional, highlighting the interlocking nature of the regional crisis. While grappling with its own internal emergency, Burkina Faso continues to provide asylum to others. It hosts a significant refugee population, of which the vast majority—over 39,000 people—are from neighbouring Mali, itself beset by conflict. This complex web of movement paints a clear picture: a crisis of immense internal scale within Burkina Faso is simultaneously contributing to and being affected by regional instability, straining the generosity of host communities and underscoring the urgent need for a concerted international response.

AI Insight: Choropleth map of destination countries for displaced populations from Burkina Faso, where the population is heavily concentrated in a few key countries., This world map illustrates the distribution of displaced populations originating from Burkina Faso as of 2024, including refugees, asylum-seekers, and other persons of concern to UNHCR. Each country is shaded according to the number of individuals it hosts.

Statistical analysis reveals a highly concentrated displacement pattern. The data covers 40 destination countries. The figures range from a minimum of 5 individuals to a maximum of 2,062,534. The distribution is extremely right-skewed, with a median of only 60.5 people, while the mean is significantly higher at 58,500. This disparity highlights that a very small number of countries host the vast majority of the displaced population. Specifically, 75% of the host countries have fewer than 860 individuals from Burkina Faso.

This geographical distribution is characteristic of the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Burkina Faso and the wider Sahel region, where escalating conflict and insecurity force most people to seek refuge in neighboring countries. The map visually emphasizes this reality by likely showing a few countries in West Africa with deep, saturated colors, indicating high population counts, while the rest of the world is shaded very lightly or not at all.

Origin of Displaced Populations

AI Insight: Horizontal bar chart of the top 9 countries of origin for refugees in Burkina Faso in 2024, where Mali is the origin for the vast majority of refugees, numbering over 39,000., This horizontal bar chart details the countries of origin for refugees residing in Burkina Faso in 2024. The data shows a highly concentrated refugee population, with one country overwhelmingly represented. The largest group, refugees from Mali, numbers 39,265. This figure is a significant outlier and represents the vast majority of the refugee population from the top nine origins. The other eight countries of origin contribute far smaller numbers. The statistical profile confirms this disparity: while the maximum value is 39,265 (Mali), the median number of people from any given country of origin is only 33, and 75% of the origin countries account for 109 or fewer refugees each. The smallest refugee group shown consists of 17 individuals. This distribution highlights the profound impact of the regional security crisis in the Sahel, particularly the conflict in Mali, on displacement patterns into neighboring Burkina Faso.

AI Insight: Alluvial chart of the forcibly displaced population in Burkina Faso by origin from 2019 to 2025, where the number of internally displaced persons skyrockets, driving the total displaced population to over 2 million., This alluvial chart illustrates the evolution of the forcibly displaced population within Burkina Faso from 2019 to 2025, broken down by origin. The population is categorized into two groups: those originating from within Burkina Faso (Internally Displaced Persons, or IDPs) and those from ‘Other’ countries (refugees and asylum-seekers).

The most prominent feature of the visualization is the dramatic and rapid increase in the total displaced population. The data shows a rise from approximately 20,300 people in 2019 to a peak of over 2.06 million by 2025. This exponential growth highlights a severe and escalating humanitarian crisis.

Statistically, the overwhelming majority of this increase is driven by the IDP population. The flow representing people from Burkina Faso widens significantly over the years, indicating that internal conflict and insecurity are the primary drivers of displacement. In contrast, the flow for people from ‘Other’ origins remains consistently small and stable throughout the period, underscoring that the crisis is predominantly internal. The median displaced population figure across the period is approximately 301,000, but the high mean (823,000) and maximum value (2,062,534) reflect the sharp acceleration of displacement in the later years of the observed period.

Destination

AI Insight: Column chart of the top 10 destination countries for people forcibly displaced from Burkina Faso as of 2024, where one country hosts a vastly larger population than all others., This column chart displays the top ten destination countries for people forcibly displaced from Burkina Faso, updated as of 2024. The data reveals a highly skewed distribution of asylum seekers. The number of displaced individuals per country ranges from a minimum of 9,587 to a maximum of 11,334,375. The distribution is dominated by a single outlier, where the top destination country hosts over 11.3 million people. In contrast, the median number of displaced people across these ten countries is 82,944, and 75% of these top destinations host fewer than 169,452 people. The large difference between the mean (1,222,547) and the median highlights the significant impact of the top destination on the overall statistics, indicating that the responsibility of hosting displaced populations from Burkina Faso is heavily concentrated in one nation.

Asylum System

The Dual Strain on Asylum Systems Amidst the Sahel Crisis

The escalating security and humanitarian crisis in Burkina Faso precipitated an unprecedented surge in new asylum claims lodged by its nationals in 2023. The data reveals a dramatic spike to nearly 11,700 applications, a stark contrast to the low and stable figures recorded in preceding years. This sharp increase in outward flight underscores the deteriorating conditions forcing thousands to seek safety across international borders.

Behind these stark numbers lies a more complex reality: Burkina Faso is simultaneously a critical country of asylum for others fleeing instability in the region. The country’s national asylum system is facing immense pressure, as evidenced by a growing gap between cumulative applications and decisions since 2020. This widening backlog, which translates into longer waiting periods for vulnerable individuals, highlights the severe strain on processing capacity as new arrivals outpace administrative output.

Despite these challenges, the country maintained a high protection standard in early 2024, granting refugee status in nearly three-quarters of all cases decided. A closer look at the data shows that nationals from neighbouring Mali, who lodged the highest number of claims, also had the highest recognition rate at over 51 per cent, underscoring the regional dynamics of displacement.

In stark contrast, the protection outcomes for asylum seekers from Burkina Faso varied dramatically depending on the host country. Analysis of recognition rates in the top 10 asylum countries reveals an extreme disparity, ranging from nearly zero to 100 per cent. This significant divergence highlights a critical inconsistency in the international protection regime, where the likelihood of a Burkinabè national finding safety is contingent not only on the merits of their claim, but on the jurisdiction in which it is heard.

AI Insight: Bar chart of asylum applications and decisions from Burkina Faso between 2019 and 2024, showing a significant surge in total applications in 2023., This bar chart illustrates the annual number of asylum applications and decisions for individuals originating from Burkina Faso from 2019 to 2024. The data reveals a period of relatively low and stable numbers from 2019 to 2022, followed by an extraordinary spike in 2023.

Statistically, the dataset shows a maximum value of 11,689 cases for a single year, which starkly contrasts with the median of 34.5 cases. This indicates that while most years saw very low numbers, 2023 experienced an unprecedented surge in applications, driving the average significantly higher. This dramatic increase in 2023 reflects the escalating security and humanitarian crisis within Burkina Faso, leading to a sharp rise in forced displacement. Data for 2024 appears to be partial as of the reporting date. The subtitle notes that under certain circumstances, one person may have more than one application.

AI Insight: A parallel sets plot of Refugee Status Determination outcomes for 14,992 decisions in Burkina Faso in 2024, where the largest flow shows 10,954 individuals were granted refugee status., This parallel sets plot visualizes the outcomes of 14,992 Refugee Status Determination (RSD) decisions recorded in Burkina Faso in 2024. The chart displays the flow of cases from a single entry point, representing all decisions, into several distinct outcome categories. The width of each flow is proportional to the number of individuals in that category.

The data shows a very high recognition rate: - Refugee status granted: The vast majority, 10,954 individuals (73.1% of total decisions), were granted refugee status. - Otherwise closed: The second-largest category consists of 3,607 cases (24.1%) that were ‘otherwise closed’. This typically includes cases where the applicant withdrew their application or could not be contacted. - Rejected: 282 applications (1.9%) were rejected. - Complementary protection: A smaller group of 49 individuals (0.3%) were granted complementary protection.

In summary, the visualization highlights that nearly three-quarters of asylum decisions in Burkina Faso in 2024 resulted in the granting of refugee status, with a significant portion of the remaining cases being closed for administrative or other reasons rather than being rejected on merit.

AI Insight: Area chart of cumulative asylum applications versus decisions in Burkina Faso from 2020 to 2024, where a widening gap between the two indicates a growing backlog and increased processing time., This area chart tracks the cumulative total of asylum applications and first-instance decisions in Burkina Faso over a five-year period, from 2020 to 2024. The y-axis represents the cumulative number of cases, while the x-axis represents the years.

Two distinct areas are plotted: one for ‘Cumulative Applications’ and one for ‘Cumulative Decisions’. The area for applications is consistently larger than the area for decisions, and the vertical distance between the top lines of these two areas visually represents the number of pending cases, or the backlog.

The analysis reveals a steady increase in both applications and decisions over the period. However, the rate of new applications has outpaced the rate of decision-making, causing the backlog to grow significantly. As of the latest data point in 2024, the cumulative number of applications has reached approximately 13,959, while cumulative decisions stand at a lower figure. This gap signifies a substantial number of asylum seekers awaiting a decision, and the chart annotates this discrepancy to translate it into an average processing time measured in days, highlighting the strain on the national asylum system.

Recognition Rates

AI Insight: Horizontal bar chart of refugee recognition rates by country of origin in Burkina Faso for 2024, where Malians have the highest rate at 51.4% and nationals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo have the lowest at 3.1%., This horizontal bar chart displays the refugee recognition rates in Burkina Faso for 2024, focusing on the top 10 countries of origin with the highest number of asylum decisions. The countries are listed on the y-axis, ordered from top to bottom by the total volume of decisions. The x-axis represents the refugee recognition rate as a percentage.

The data reveals a wide variation in recognition rates. Mali, which also has the highest number of total decisions (1,254), shows the highest recognition rate at 51.4%. Following Mali are Côte d’Ivoire (38.6%) and Nigeria (37.1%). The rates for the Central African Republic (31.1%) and Niger (29.9%) are clustered around the 30% mark. In contrast, the rates are significantly lower for other nationalities, with Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo both having the lowest rate at approximately 3.1%. The overall average recognition rate across these ten countries is 27.9%.

AI Insight: Bar chart of the 2024 refugee recognition rate for nationals from Burkina Faso in the top 10 countries of asylum, where recognition rates show extreme variation, ranging from nearly 0% to 100% depending on the country., This bar chart presents the 2024 refugee recognition rates for asylum seekers from Burkina Faso. The data is shown for the top 10 countries of asylum, which are ranked and ordered based on the total number of decisions made, not the recognition rate itself.

The vertical axis represents the Refugee Recognition Rate as a percentage, while the horizontal axis lists the individual countries of asylum.

Statistical analysis of the underlying data for these 10 countries reveals a significant disparity in outcomes. The average recognition rate is 47.3%, but this is accompanied by a very high standard deviation of 46.1%, indicating that the rates are not clustered around the average. The rates span the full possible range, from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 100%. The median recognition rate is 26.5%, which is substantially lower than the mean, suggesting that more than half of the top countries have lower recognition rates, while a few countries with very high rates pull the average up.

This chart highlights that the likelihood of a national from Burkina Faso being granted refugee status varies dramatically depending on the country in which they seek asylum.

Solutions

Solutions for the Forcibly Displaced

The pursuit of durable solutions for those displaced from Burkina Faso presents a complex and volatile picture, underscored by a remarkable peak in 2020 followed by a steep and worrying decline. Behind the stark numbers lies a story of both fleeting opportunity and the pervasive impact of escalating conflict on the prospects for lasting peace and stability for the displaced.

The data reveals that in 2020, a notable achievement was recorded, with the number of durable solutions for Burkinabe refugees and others displaced across borders surging to over 6,000. This spike, likely reflecting a specific large-scale voluntary repatriation or resettlement initiative, stands in sharp contrast to the figures from the preceding and subsequent years.

However, this positive development was short-lived. The subsequent years saw a precipitous drop in achieved solutions, falling to just over 1,000 in 2021 and continuing downward to a low of 316 by 2023. This trend reflects the harsh reality of the escalating violence and instability gripping Burkina Faso and the wider Sahel region, which severely constrains the viability of options such as safe and dignified voluntary repatriation. While opportunities for solutions may arise, their sustainability is intrinsically linked to the underlying security and political conditions.

Meanwhile, a different facet of the solutions landscape emerges when examining Burkina Faso’s role as a host country. The data reveals a significant and persistent disparity between the number of available solutions within the country and the comparatively small number of new refugee status recognitions granted annually. In every year from 2019 to 2025, the quantum of available solutions vastly outnumbered new recognitions, most pronounced in 2020 with over 6,000 solutions available for just 29 newly recognized refugees. This suggests that while pathways and capacity for solutions may exist on paper, the context of overwhelming internal displacement and regional instability creates profound challenges in realizing these opportunities for the small refugee population hosted in the country.

AI Insight: Column chart of durable solutions for forcibly displaced people from Burkina Faso from 2019 to 2025, where the number of solutions peaked dramatically in 2020 before decreasing sharply in subsequent years., This column chart displays the annual number of durable solutions for people forcibly displaced across borders from Burkina Faso for the years 2019 through 2025. The data reveals a highly volatile trend, dominated by an exceptional peak in a single year.

In 2019, there were 1,039 solutions recorded. This figure surged dramatically in 2020 to a peak of 6,052. Following this peak, the number of solutions dropped sharply to 1,098 in 2021. The downward trend continued in the following years, with 472 solutions in 2022 and reaching a low of 316 in 2023. A slight increase to 546 was observed in 2024, followed by a decrease to 247 in 2025.

The massive spike in 2020 suggests a specific, large-scale event, such as a major voluntary repatriation or resettlement program. The subsequent and sustained decrease from 2021 onwards may indicate the conclusion of that specific initiative or reflect increasing difficulties in achieving durable solutions due to the deteriorating security situation in Burkina Faso and the wider Sahel region.

AI Insight: Line and area chart of refugee recognitions versus available solutions in Burkina Faso from 2019 to 2025, where the number of available solutions consistently and significantly exceeds the number of new refugee recognitions each year., This is a line and area chart comparing the annual number of refugee recognitions with the number of available durable solutions in Burkina Faso for the period 2019 to 2025. The x-axis represents the years, and the y-axis represents the count of individuals.

The number of refugee recognitions, shown as a blue line, remains relatively low for most of the period. It was 29 in both 2019 and 2020, rose slightly to 35 in 2021, was 31 in 2022, and dropped to 10 in 2023. There is a significant spike in 2024, with 327 recognitions, before dropping to 5 in 2025.

The number of available solutions, represented by a teal area, is consistently much higher than the recognitions. It started at 1,039 in 2019 and peaked dramatically at 6,052 in 2020. Following this peak, the number of solutions decreased to 1,098 in 2021, 472 in 2022, 316 in 2023, before rising again to 546 in 2024 and then falling to 247 in 2025.

The key insight from the chart is the substantial gap between the two metrics. In every year, the solutions available far outnumber the new refugees recognized. The largest disparity occurred in 2020, with over 6,000 solutions to just 29 recognitions. Even in 2024, when recognitions saw their highest peak, available solutions were still greater.